EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX-SEPTEMBER 2000
The Employment Cost Index (not seasonally adjusted) for September 2000
was 149.5 (June 1989=100), an increase of 4.3 percent from September 1999,
the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures changes in compensation costs,
which include wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
Quarterly changes, seasonally adjusted
On a seasonally adjusted basis, the 3-month increase in compensation
costs for civilian workers (nonfarm private industry plus State and local
government) was 0.9 percent during the June-September 2000 period,
following a gain of 1.0 percent in March-June 2000. Wages and salaries
increased 0.8 percent during the June-September period, following a 1.0
percent increase in the previous 3-month period. Benefit costs rose 1.0
percent during the September quarter, following a 1.1 percent increase in
the June quarter.
Table A. 3-month percent changes in Employment Cost Index, seasonally
adjusted
Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
Compensation Component 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000
Civilian workers
Compensation costs 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9
Wages and salaries 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8
Benefit costs 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.0
Private industry
Compensation costs 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.0
Wages and salaries 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9
Benefit costs 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.1
State and local government
Compensation costs 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.6
Wages and salaries 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8
Benefit costs 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.1
The 3-month increase in compensation costs for private industry
workers was 1.0 percent during the June-September 2000 period. The gain
in wages and salaries was 0.9 percent in the quarter ended in September;
in the June quarter, it was 1.0 percent. Benefit costs showed a 3-month
rise of 1.1 percent during the September quarter, compared with a 1.2
percent gain during the June quarter. (See tables A and 1.)
Compensation costs for State and local government workers increased
0.6 percent during the June-September 2000 period; in the June period, it
was 0.8 percent. Wages and salaries rose 0.8 percent in the quarter ended
in September, the same increase as the previous quarter. Benefit costs
changed 0.1 percent in the September quarter; this was down from the gain
of 0.5 percent in the June quarter.
Over-the-year changes, not seasonally adjusted
Compensation costs for civilian workers (not seasonally adjusted)
increased 4.3 percent for the 12 months ended in September 2000. This
compares with over-the-year increases of 3.1 percent in September 1999 and
3.7 percent in September 1998. Compensation costs in private industry
rose 4.6 percent in the year ended September 2000, compared with increases
of 3.1 percent in September 1999 and 3.8 percent in September 1998. In
State and local government, compensation costs increased 3.3 percent for
the year ended September 2000; over-the-year increases were 2.9 percent in
September 1999 and 3.0 percent in September 1998. (See tables B, 2, and
3.)
Nonfarm private industry
In private industry, wages and salaries rose 4.1 percent for the year
ended September 2000, after increasing 3.2 percent in the year ended
September 1999. (See tables B and 6.) Benefit costs for private industry
workers increased 6.0 percent for the year ended in September 2000, a
significant increase from 2.8 percent in September 1999. (See chart A and
tables B and 8.)
In private industry, over-the-year compensation cost increases were
4.8 percent for white-collar occupations, 4.4 percent for blue-collar
occupations, and 4.0 percent for service occupations. Among the
occupational groups, increases in compensation costs ranged from 4.0
percent for service workers to 5.0 percent for administrative support,
including clerical occupations. (See table 3.)
Table B. 12-month percent changes in Employment Cost Index, not seasonally
adjusted
Sep. Sep. Sep. Sep. Sep. Sep.
Compensation Component 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Civilian workers
Compensation costs 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.7 3.1 4.3
Wages and salaries 2.8 3.2 3.5 4.0 3.3 4.0
Benefit costs 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.7 5.3
Private industry
Compensation costs 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.1 4.6
Wages and salaries 2.8 3.3 3.6 4.3 3.2 4.1
Benefit costs 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.8 6.0
State and local government
Compensation costs 3.0 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.9 3.3
Wages and salaries 3.1 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.5
Benefit costs 2.5 1.9 1.5 2.8 2.0 2.8
For the year ended September 2000, the compensation cost increase was
4.8 percent for goods-producing industries, significantly higher than the
2.9 percent increase for the year ended September 1999. The over-the-year
increase in compensation costs for service-producing industries was 4.5
percent, compared with an increase of 3.2 percent for the year ended
September 1999. Among service-producing industry divisions, September
1999-to-September 2000 increases ranged from 3.0 percent in transportation
to 7.1 percent in insurance. (See table 3.)
Compensation costs for nonunion workers rose 4.7 percent over-the-
year, compared with 4.2 percent for union workers. In service-producing
industries, nonunion compensation increased 4.7 percent, compared with a
3.0 percent increase for union workers. In contrast, in goods-producing
industries, the increase for union workers was 5.5 percent, compared with
a 4.7 percent gain for nonunion workers. Compensation in blue-collar
occupations rose 4.7 percent for union workers and 4.1 percent for
nonunion workers. (See table 4.)
State and local government
In State and local government, the September 2000 over-the-year
increase in wages and salaries was 3.5 percent, compared with a 3.3
percent increase recorded for September 1999. The 12-month increase in
benefit costs for September 2000 was 2.8 percent; in September 1999, the
increase was 2.0 percent. (See tables 5 and 8.)
__________________________________________________________________________
NOTES:
The ECI for December 2000 is scheduled to be released Thursday,
January 25, 2001, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
The June 2000 ECI introduced an expanded definition of nonproduction
bonuses designed to improve the ECI's representation of the compensation
packages offered to employees. In addition to the traditional types of
nonproduction bonuses such as attendance bonuses and lump sum payments,
the ECI now includes hiring and referral bonuses. A fact sheet has been
prepared with additional information on this change and its effect on the
ECI. This information can be obtained directly from the BLS Internet site
(http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm), by e-mail request (ocltinfo@bls.gov),
or by telephone (202)-691-6199.
As part of its ongoing research program, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics recently published the results of a pilot survey on the
incidence of stock option plans across all industries and occupations.
The next phase of this research will examine the feasibility of collecting
cost data on stock options. The results of the pilot survey and a fact
sheet with additional information on the stock option research program can
be obtained directly from the Internet site
(http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm) or upon request.
ECI data are available on the ECI home page
(http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). To access data using Anonymous FTP,
use the Internet address (ftp://ftp.bls.gov).
For technical assistance in using the BLS Internet site, send e-mail
to (labstat.helpdesk@bls.gov). For ECI data requests, send e-mail to
(ocltinfo@bls.gov).
The ECI news release is now available through an e-mail subscription
service. See the subscription link on (http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm)
or (http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm).
News releases and other information are available from the BLS fax-on-
demand service. To request a document fax, call (202) 691-6325. To
request a catalog of available documents, select option 2 at the initial
voice prompt. To request data found in this news release, enter the
following codes:
Text 4110
Tables 1-4 4115
Tables 5-7 4120
Table 8 4125
Explanatory notes 4190
__________________________________________________________________________
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), wages and salaries, and benefit costs by industry
and occupational group
(Seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June Percent changes for 3-months ended-
1989=100)
Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar. Jun. Sep.
2000 2000 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000
TOTAL COMPENSATION
Civilian workers....................... 147.9 149.2 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9
State and local government............ 146.5 147.4 .6 .6 .9 .8 1.1 .8 .8 .6
Private industry...................... 148.2 149.7 .6 .4 1.1 .9 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.0
Industry
Goods producing(2).................. 146.6 148.0 .5 .8 .6 .9 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.0
Construction(3)................... 142.9 144.8 1.1 .9 .7 .7 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.3
Manufacturing..................... 147.4 148.7 .4 .7 .7 .9 1.1 1.6 1.0 .9
Durables........................ 148.3 149.4 .4 .6 .7 .9 1.1 1.9 1.2 .7
Nondurables..................... 146.0 147.6 .5 .7 .7 .9 1.0 1.2 .9 1.1
Service producing(4)................ 149.0 150.5 .7 .3 1.3 .9 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.0
Transportation and public
utilities........................ 145.8 147.3 .7 .1 1.0 .5 .5 1.0 1.4 1.0
Wholesale trade(3)................ 151.7 152.1 1.5 -.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.1 .3
Retail trade...................... 144.6 145.8 .2 .8 1.4 .5 1.1 1.6 .8 .8
Finance, insurance, and real
estate(3)(5)..................... 153.1 155.2 1.1 -.7 3.0 1.2 .5 2.5 .7 1.4
Services.......................... 151.3 152.8 .6 .6 .8 .9 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0
Nonmanufacturing.................... 148.4 149.8 .7 .4 1.1 .8 1.0 1.5 1.1 .9
Occupational group
White collar........................ 151.2 152.5 .7 .3 1.3 .9 1.0 1.6 1.3 .9
Blue collar......................... 144.0 145.4 .7 .7 .8 .9 .9 1.5 .9 1.0
Service............................. 145.0 146.2 .6 1.0 .8 .3 1.1 .8 1.1 .8
WAGES AND SALARIES
Civilian workers....................... 145.5 146.7 .7 .5 1.2 .9 .9 1.1 1.0 .8
State and local government............ 145.5 146.7 .8 .7 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .8 .8
Private industry...................... 145.4 146.7 .7 .4 1.2 .9 .9 1.2 1.0 .9
Industry
Goods producing(2)(5)............... 143.0 144.3 .7 .8 .7 .9 .9 1.1 1.2 .9
Construction(3)................... 137.8 139.1 1.1 1.1 .5 .8 .9 1.8 1.1 .9
Manufacturing(5).................. 144.4 145.7 .6 .8 .8 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9
Durables(5)..................... 144.7 146.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0
Nondurables..................... 143.9 145.1 .6 .7 .7 .8 .9 1.1 1.0 .8
Service producing(4)................ 146.5 147.8 .7 .3 1.4 .9 .9 1.2 1.0 .9
Transportation and public
utilities........................ 140.2 141.2 .7 .1 1.3 .3 .4 .4 1.3 .7
Wholesale trade(3)................ 149.5 149.5 1.4 -.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 .9 1.3 .0
Retail trade...................... 143.3 144.5 .1 1.0 1.2 .4 .9 1.7 .7 .8
Finance, insurance, and real
estate(3)(5)..................... 149.5 151.7 1.2 -1.9 3.8 1.5 .5 2.4 .5 1.5
Services.......................... 149.2 150.6 .6 .9 .8 .8 1.0 1.0 1.3 .9
Nonmanufacturing.................... 145.6 146.8 .8 .3 1.4 .8 .9 1.2 1.2 .8
WAGES AND SALARIES-Continued
Occupational group
White collar........................ 148.3 149.6 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9
Blue collar(5)...................... 140.5 141.9 .6 .8 1.0 .9 .7 1.0 1.0 1.0
Service............................. 142.5 143.5 .7 1.0 .8 .1 1.2 1.0 1.1 .7
BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers....................... 154.0 155.5 .6 .3 1.0 .8 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.0
State and local government............ 148.8 148.9 .6 .5 .6 .4 1.2 1.0 .5 .1
Private industry...................... 155.3 157.0 .6 .3 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.1
Industry
Goods producing(2).................. 154.1 155.7 .2 .7 .6 .8 1.4 2.7 1.2 1.0
Manufacturing..................... 153.8 155.0 .0 .6 .6 1.0 1.4 3.0 1.0 .8
Service producing(4)................ 156.0 157.8 .8 .1 1.3 .9 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.2
Nonmanufacturing.................... 156.1 158.0 .7 .3 1.2 .9 .9 2.2 1.4 1.2
Occupational group
White collar........................ 158.5 160.4 .5 .3 1.0 1.1 1.0 2.5 1.4 1.2
Blue collar......................... 151.5 153.0 .4 .7 .7 .8 1.0 2.9 .8 1.0
Service............................. 152.6 154.3 .2 .8 .9 .5 1.2 .4 1.3 1.1
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Average standard errors (SE) for the unadjusted series upon which this series is based exceeded 0.3
percent for 3-month changes and 0.6 percent for 12-month changes for the five years ending December 1996. To
assist users in ascertaining the reliability of the series, SEs for estimates in this news release (excluding
seasonally adjusted series) will be available on the Internet site (http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). All
series will continue to be published until further notice.
4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
5 No identifiable seasonality was found for this series.
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1) for civilian and State and local government workers by
industry and occupational group
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Industry and occupational group 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Civilian workers............................. 143.3 148.0 149.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 3.1 4.4 4.3
Excluding sales occupations.............. 143.2 147.7 149.4 1.1 1.0 1.2 3.2 4.2 4.3
Industry
Goods producing(2)......................... 141.2 146.6 148.0 .9 1.2 1.0 2.9 4.7 4.8
Manufacturing............................ 142.1 147.5 148.7 .9 1.0 .8 2.8 4.7 4.6
Service producing(3)....................... 144.0 148.4 150.1 1.1 .9 1.1 3.2 4.2 4.2
Services................................. 145.1 149.3 151.2 1.3 .9 1.3 3.1 4.3 4.2
Health services........................ 142.7 147.5 149.0 .9 1.1 1.0 2.6 4.3 4.4
Hospitals............................ 143.4 147.7 149.5 .8 1.0 1.2 2.9 3.9 4.3
Educational services................... 144.6 146.8 149.7 2.0 .2 2.0 3.1 3.6 3.5
Public administration(4)................. 142.4 146.1 146.9 .6 .3 .5 2.5 3.3 3.2
Nonmanufacturing........................... 143.4 148.0 149.6 1.1 1.0 1.1 3.2 4.3 4.3
Occupational group
White collar............................... 145.0 149.9 151.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 3.1 4.6 4.5
Excluding sales........................ 145.1 149.8 151.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 3.2 4.5 4.4
Professional specialty and technical..... 143.9 148.3 150.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 2.8 4.3 4.2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 147.3 151.9 153.7 1.3 .9 1.2 4.0 4.5 4.3
Administrative support, including
clerical................................ 144.7 150.1 151.8 .9 1.0 1.1 3.1 4.7 4.9
Blue collar................................ 139.5 144.1 145.6 .9 1.0 1.0 3.1 4.2 4.4
Service.................................... 143.1 147.1 148.5 .5 .8 1.0 2.7 3.3 3.8
State and local government................... 143.1 145.9 147.8 1.5 .3 1.3 2.9 3.5 3.3
Industry
Services................................. 143.2 145.5 148.0 1.9 .2 1.7 3.0 3.6 3.4
Excluding schools(5)................. 142.6 145.8 147.6 1.6 .4 1.2 2.8 3.9 3.5
Health services........................ 144.2 147.9 150.0 1.5 0.4 1.4 2.8 4.2 4.0
Hospitals............................ 144.8 148.4 150.7 1.5 .3 1.5 2.9 4.0 4.1
Educational services................... 143.1 145.2 147.9 2.0 .1 1.9 3.1 3.5 3.4
Schools.............................. 143.5 145.5 148.2 2.1 .1 1.9 3.2 3.5 3.3
Elementary and secondary........... 142.9 144.7 147.3 2.1 .1 1.8 3.0 3.4 3.1
Colleges and universities.......... 144.8 147.6 150.5 1.9 .1 2.0 3.4 3.9 3.9
Public administration(4)................. 142.4 146.1 146.9 .6 .3 .5 2.5 3.3 3.2
Occupational group
White collar............................... 142.6 145.3 147.3 1.7 .3 1.4 3.0 3.6 3.3
Professional specialty and technical..... 142.0 144.5 146.6 1.9 .3 1.5 3.1 3.7 3.2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 144.5 147.2 149.2 1.2 .1 1.4 2.9 3.1 3.3
Administrative support, including
clerical................................ 143.0 146.5 148.3 1.2 .4 1.2 2.5 3.7 3.7
Blue collar................................ 140.9 144.2 145.9 1.0 .3 1.2 3.0 3.4 3.5
Service.................................... 146.7 149.7 151.5 1.0 .1 1.2 2.6 3.0 3.3
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; service industries; and public administration.
4 Includes executive, legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities of State and local
governments, SICs 91 through 96.
5 Average standard errors (SE) for the series exceed 0.3 percent for 3-month changes and 0.6 percent for 12-month
changes for the five years ending December 1996. To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of the series, SEs
for estimates in this news release (excluding seasonally adjusted series) will be available on the Internet site
(http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). All series will continue to be published until further notice.
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1) for private industry workers, by industry and occupational
group
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Industry and occupational group 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Private industry workers..................... 143.3 148.5 149.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 3.1 4.6 4.6
Excluding sales occupations.............. 143.2 148.2 149.8 .9 1.2 1.1 3.2 4.4 4.6
Industry
Goods producing(2)......................... 141.1 146.6 147.9 .9 1.2 .9 2.9 4.8 4.8
Excluding sales........................ 140.5 145.9 147.2 .9 1.2 .9 2.9 4.7 4.8
White collar............................. 143.9 150.1 151.3 .8 1.4 .8 3.0 5.2 5.1
Excluding sales........................ 142.5 148.4 149.6 .8 1.3 .8 3.0 5.0 5.0
Blue collar.............................. 139.4 144.4 145.8 .8 1.1 1.0 2.9 4.4 4.6
Construction(3).......................... 137.9 143.2 145.1 .7 1.7 1.3 3.4 4.6 5.2
Manufacturing............................ 142.1 147.5 148.7 .9 1.0 .8 2.8 4.7 4.6
White collar........................... 144.3 150.2 151.4 .9 1.3 .8 3.0 5.0 4.9
Excluding sales...................... 142.5 148.2 149.3 .8 1.4 .7 3.0 4.9 4.8
Blue collar............................ 140.5 145.6 146.7 .8 .8 .8 2.7 4.4 4.4
Durables............................... 142.3 148.3 149.4 .9 1.2 .7 2.7 5.2 5.0
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721).... 143.7 154.3 156.0 .9 2.1 1.1 3.2 8.4 8.6
White collar....................... 139.8 150.7 151.8 .2 2.8 .7 1.7 8.0 8.6
Blue collar........................ 149.0 158.5 161.4 2.3 .4 1.8 5.8 8.8 8.3
Nondurables............................ 141.5 146.0 147.5 .8 .8 1.0 2.8 4.0 4.2
Service producing(4)....................... 144.1 149.1 150.6 .9 1.2 1.0 3.2 4.4 4.5
Excluding sales........................ 144.6 149.4 151.1 .9 1.2 1.1 3.3 4.3 4.5
White collar............................. 145.8 151.0 152.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 3.3 4.6 4.7
Excluding sales........................ 147.0 152.1 153.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 3.4 4.5 4.7
Blue collar.............................. 139.1 143.1 144.5 .9 .9 1.0 3.6 3.8 3.9
Service.................................. 140.8 145.1 146.3 .2 1.0 .8 2.8 3.3 3.9
Transportation and public utilities...... 141.8 145.7 147.4 .6 1.3 1.2 2.4 3.4 3.9
Transportation(3)...................... 138.7 141.8 142.8 .4 1.0 .7 1.5 2.7 3.0
Public utilities....................... 145.7 150.9 153.5 .8 1.5 1.7 3.6 4.4 5.4
Communications....................... 146.1 150.9 153.9 0.8 1.7 2.0 4.0 4.1 5.3
Electric, gas, and sanitary services. 145.1 151.0 152.9 .6 1.4 1.3 2.9 4.7 5.4
Wholesale and retail trade............... 142.2 147.3 148.3 .8 1.2 .7 3.3 4.4 4.3
Excluding sales...................... 142.8 148.1 149.6 .6 1.2 1.0 3.4 4.4 4.8
Wholesale trade(3)..................... 146.3 151.8 152.1 1.2 1.2 .2 3.9 5.0 4.0
Excluding sales...................... 145.8 151.1 152.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 4.1 4.9 4.7
Retail trade........................... 140.0 144.8 146.2 .6 1.1 1.0 3.0 4.1 4.4
General merchandise stores(3)........ 137.2 141.0 142.2 1.2 .9 .9 3.0 4.0 3.6
Food stores(3)....................... 137.0 142.5 143.4 1.0 1.7 .6 2.5 5.0 4.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate(3)... 147.6 153.1 155.2 1.2 .7 1.4 4.7 5.0 5.1
Excluding sales...................... 151.0 155.5 157.4 1.5 .8 1.2 5.4 4.5 4.2
Banking, savings and loan, and other
credit agencies(3).................... 159.3 164.2 165.8 2.5 .9 1.0 7.3 5.7 4.1
Insurance(3)........................... 144.5 151.3 154.8 .3 .9 2.3 1.8 5.1 7.1
Excluding sales...................... 146.2 150.5 152.2 .6 .7 1.1 3.2 3.5 4.1
Services................................. 146.1 151.2 152.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.0 4.6 4.7
Business services(3)................... 150.7 156.3 157.5 1.3 1.4 .8 5.0 5.1 4.5
Health services........................ 142.6 147.5 149.0 .8 1.2 1.0 2.6 4.3 4.5
Hospitals............................ 143.0 147.5 149.2 .6 1.2 1.2 2.8 3.8 4.3
Nursing homes........................ - - - .9 1.5 1.7 3.7 4.8 5.7
Educational services................... 152.2 154.9 158.8 2.4 .6 2.5 3.5 4.2 4.3
Colleges and universities............ 152.6 155.5 158.6 2.0 .6 2.0 3.2 3.9 3.9
Industry-Continued
Nonmanufacturing industries................ 143.4 148.4 150.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.2 4.5 4.6
White collar............................. 145.6 151.0 152.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.2 4.8 4.8
Excluding sales........................ 146.8 152.0 153.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 3.4 4.6 4.8
Blue collar.............................. 138.0 142.3 143.9 .9 1.2 1.1 3.4 4.0 4.3
Service.................................. 140.7 145.1 146.3 .2 1.1 .8 2.8 3.3 4.0
Occupational group
White collar............................... 145.6 151.1 152.6 1.0 1.2 1.0 3.2 4.9 4.8
Excluding sales........................ 146.0 151.3 152.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 3.3 4.7 4.7
Professional specialty and technical..... 145.2 150.7 152.2 .8 1.5 1.0 2.5 4.6 4.8
Executive, administrative, and managerial 147.7 152.7 154.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 4.1 4.7 4.5
Sales(3)................................. 144.1 150.3 151.2 1.1 .9 .6 2.6 5.4 4.9
Administrative support, including
clerical................................ 145.0 150.6 152.3 .9 1.1 1.1 3.1 4.8 5.0
Blue collar................................ 139.4 144.1 145.5 .9 1.1 1.0 3.1 4.3 4.4
Precision production, craft, and repair.. 139.6 144.1 145.8 .9 1.3 1.2 3.1 4.1 4.4
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors.............................. 139.9 145.0 146.0 1.1 .7 .7 3.1 4.8 4.4
Transportation and material moving....... 134.4 138.6 139.9 .6 .8 .9 2.8 3.7 4.1
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers............................ 143.2 148.1 149.4 .6 1.2 .9 3.4 4.1 4.3
Service.................................... 141.0 145.4 146.6 .3 1.0 .8 2.7 3.4 4.0
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations(5)............................ 141.9 146.9 148.4 .8 1.1 1.0 2.8 4.3 4.6
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Average standard errors (SE) for the series exceed 0.3 percent for 3-month changes and 0.6 percent for 12-month
changes for the five years ending December 1996. To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of the series, SEs
for estimates in this news release (excluding seasonally adjusted series) will be available on the Internet site
(http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). All series will continue to be published until further notice.
4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and service industries.
5 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly Earnings Index, which was discontinued
in January 1989.
NOTE: Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1) for private industry workers, by bargaining status, region,
and area
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Bargaining status, region, and area 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Bargaining status
Union........................................ 140.2 144.4 146.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 2.5 3.9 4.2
Blue-collar occupations.................. 137.8 142.5 144.3 .8 1.0 1.3 2.4 4.2 4.7
Goods-producing industries(2).............. 139.2 144.8 146.8 .7 1.0 1.4 2.7 4.8 5.5
Service-producing industries(3)............ 141.0 143.9 145.2 .9 1.0 .9 2.2 3.0 3.0
Manufacturing.............................. 139.1 145.4 147.1 .7 .6 1.2 2.3 5.3 5.8
Blue-collar occupations.................. 138.5 144.8 146.5 .7 .6 1.2 2.2 5.3 5.8
Nonmanufacturing........................... 140.3 143.4 145.0 .8 1.2 1.1 2.5 3.0 3.3
Nonunion..................................... 143.8 149.1 150.6 .9 1.2 1.0 3.2 4.6 4.7
Blue-collar occupations.................. 140.3 144.9 146.1 .9 1.0 .8 3.5 4.2 4.1
Goods-producing industries(2).............. 141.8 147.2 148.4 .9 1.2 .8 3.0 4.8 4.7
Service-producing industries(3)............ 144.4 149.6 151.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 3.4 4.6 4.7
Manufacturing.............................. 143.0 148.2 149.2 .9 1.2 .7 3.0 4.6 4.3
Blue-collar occupations.................. 141.6 145.8 146.7 1.0 1.0 .6 3.1 4.0 3.6
Nonmanufacturing........................... 143.8 149.1 150.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.4 4.7 4.8
Region(4)
Northeast.................................... 143.2 147.6 149.3 1.2 .9 1.2 3.2 4.3 4.3
South........................................ 141.8 146.7 147.6 .8 1.2 .6 3.1 4.3 4.1
Midwest...................................... 145.0 150.7 152.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 2.9 4.9 5.0
West......................................... 143.3 148.8 150.8 .8 1.2 1.3 3.5 4.7 5.2
Area
Metropolitan................................. 143.3 148.6 150.1 .9 1.2 1.0 3.0 4.6 4.7
Other........................................ 143.1 147.7 148.8 .9 1.2 .7 3.5 4.2 4.0
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and service industries.
4 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series.
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries for civilian and State and local government workers, by
industry and occupational group
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Industry and occupational group 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Civilian workers............................. 141.3 145.4 147.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 3.3 4.0 4.0
Excluding sales occupations.............. 141.1 145.0 146.7 1.1 .9 1.2 3.3 3.9 4.0
Industry
Goods producing(1)......................... 138.6 143.0 144.3 .9 1.2 .9 3.1 4.1 4.1
Manufacturing............................ 140.2 144.4 145.7 .9 1.0 .9 3.1 3.9 3.9
Service producing(2)....................... 142.3 146.3 148.0 1.1 .9 1.2 3.3 4.0 4.0
Services................................. 144.1 147.9 149.9 1.3 .9 1.4 3.2 3.9 4.0
Health services........................ 140.9 145.3 146.7 .9 1.0 1.0 2.4 4.0 4.1
Hospitals............................ 140.1 143.8 145.6 .9 .8 1.3 2.7 3.6 3.9
Educational services................... 143.7 145.6 148.9 2.2 .2 2.3 3.3 3.6 3.6
Public administration(3)................. 139.5 142.9 144.6 1.2 .3 1.2 3.5 3.7 3.7
Nonmanufacturing........................... 141.5 145.5 147.2 1.1 .9 1.2 3.3 4.0 4.0
Occupational group
White collar............................... 143.3 147.6 149.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 3.2 4.2 4.1
Excluding sales........................ 143.5 147.6 149.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 3.4 4.1 4.0
Professional specialty and technical..... 142.6 146.4 148.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 3.0 3.8 4.0
Executive, administrative, and managerial 145.9 149.9 151.6 1.5 .9 1.1 3.8 4.2 3.9
Administrative support, including
clerical................................ 142.3 146.9 148.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 3.5 4.3 4.4
Blue collar................................ 137.0 140.6 142.0 .9 1.0 1.0 3.3 3.5 3.6
Service.................................... 140.1 144.0 145.7 .5 .7 1.2 2.9 3.3 4.0
State and local government................... 142.2 144.7 147.2 1.9 .3 1.7 3.3 3.7 3.5
Industry
Services................................. 142.9 144.9 147.9 2.1 .2 2.1 3.3 3.6 3.5
Excluding schools(4)................. 142.1 144.8 146.7 1.8 .3 1.3 3.1 3.7 3.2
Health services........................ 142.8 145.7 147.7 1.7 0.3 1.4 3.0 3.8 3.4
Hospitals............................ 142.8 145.6 147.7 1.6 .2 1.4 3.0 3.6 3.4
Educational services................... 142.9 144.8 148.0 2.2 .2 2.2 3.3 3.6 3.6
Schools.............................. 143.1 144.9 148.1 2.2 .1 2.2 3.3 3.5 3.5
Elementary and secondary........... 143.1 144.6 147.9 2.3 .1 2.3 3.2 3.4 3.4
Colleges and universities.......... 142.6 145.6 148.3 2.0 .5 1.9 3.6 4.1 4.0
Public administration(3)................. 139.5 142.9 144.6 1.2 .3 1.2 3.5 3.7 3.7
Occupational group
White collar............................... 142.1 144.5 147.1 2.0 .3 1.8 3.3 3.7 3.5
Professional specialty and technical..... 142.5 144.7 147.4 2.2 .3 1.9 3.3 3.8 3.4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 142.7 145.1 147.3 1.6 .1 1.5 3.4 3.3 3.2
Administrative support, including
clerical................................ 139.6 143.0 145.0 1.5 .4 1.4 3.1 4.0 3.9
Blue collar................................ 139.4 142.1 143.9 1.3 .4 1.3 3.2 3.3 3.2
Service.................................... 144.1 146.6 149.6 1.4 .1 2.0 3.5 3.2 3.8
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; service industries; and public administration.
3 Includes executive, legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities of State and local
governments, SICs 91 through 96.
4 Average standard errors (SE) for the series exceed 0.3 percent for 3-month changes and 0.6 percent for 12-month
changes for the five years ending December 1996. To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of the series, SEs
for estimates in this news release (excluding seasonally adjusted series) will be available on the Internet site
(http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). All series will continue to be published until further notice.
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries for private industry workers by industry and occupational
group
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Industry and occupational group 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Private industry workers..................... 141.0 145.4 146.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 3.2 4.1 4.1
Excluding sales occupations.............. 140.8 145.1 146.5 .9 1.1 1.0 3.3 3.9 4.0
Industry
Goods producing(1)......................... 138.5 143.0 144.3 .9 1.2 .9 3.1 4.2 4.2
Excluding sales........................ 137.8 142.1 143.4 .9 1.1 .9 3.1 4.0 4.1
White collar............................. 141.7 146.8 147.9 .9 1.2 .7 3.1 4.5 4.4
Excluding sales........................ 140.1 144.9 146.0 .9 1.2 .8 3.2 4.4 4.2
Blue collar.............................. 136.6 140.5 142.0 .9 1.1 1.1 3.3 3.8 4.0
Construction(2).......................... 133.0 138.0 139.4 .8 1.5 1.0 3.5 4.6 4.8
Manufacturing............................ 140.2 144.4 145.7 .9 1.0 .9 3.1 3.9 3.9
White collar........................... 142.7 147.7 148.7 .9 1.3 .7 3.2 4.5 4.2
Excluding sales...................... 140.8 145.6 146.6 .9 1.3 .7 3.3 4.3 4.1
Blue collar............................ 138.4 142.0 143.4 .9 .9 1.0 3.1 3.5 3.6
Durables............................... 140.4 144.7 146.1 .9 1.2 1.0 3.3 4.0 4.1
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721).... 142.7 148.6 150.0 .8 1.6 .9 4.0 5.0 5.1
White collar....................... 138.3 145.2 146.0 .2 2.2 .6 3.3 5.2 5.6
Blue collar........................ 148.9 152.1 155.1 2.3 .2 2.0 5.6 4.5 4.2
Nondurables............................ 139.7 143.9 145.0 .7 .8 .8 2.7 3.7 3.8
Service producing(3)....................... 142.1 146.5 147.9 .9 1.0 1.0 3.3 4.0 4.1
Excluding sales........................ 142.6 146.9 148.3 .8 1.1 1.0 3.4 3.9 4.0
White collar............................. 143.8 148.5 150.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.3 4.4 4.3
Excluding sales........................ 145.1 149.6 151.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.5 4.1 4.2
Blue collar.............................. 137.0 140.3 141.6 .8 .9 .9 3.5 3.2 3.4
Service.................................. 138.0 142.5 143.5 .1 1.0 .7 2.8 3.4 4.0
Transportation and public utilities...... 137.5 140.0 141.3 .5 1.1 .9 2.4 2.3 2.8
Transportation(2)...................... 134.4 136.2 137.4 .5 1.0 .9 1.5 1.9 2.2
Public utilities....................... 141.5 144.9 146.4 .6 1.2 1.0 3.7 3.1 3.5
Communications....................... 141.9 145.0 146.7 0.6 1.1 1.2 3.8 2.8 3.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary services. 140.9 144.7 145.9 .6 1.2 .8 3.4 3.4 3.5
Wholesale and retail trade............... 140.7 145.5 146.4 .8 1.2 .6 3.0 4.2 4.1
Excluding sales...................... 141.8 146.8 148.2 .5 1.1 1.0 3.1 4.0 4.5
Wholesale trade(2)..................... 144.3 149.4 149.6 1.4 1.4 .1 3.6 5.0 3.7
Excluding sales...................... 144.8 149.7 151.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 3.7 4.7 4.5
Retail trade........................... 138.9 143.5 144.8 .4 1.0 .9 2.7 3.8 4.2
General merchandise stores(2)........ 135.6 138.5 139.7 1.0 .5 .9 2.6 3.1 3.0
Food stores(2)....................... 133.9 139.5 140.2 .8 2.0 .5 1.7 5.0 4.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate(2)... 144.5 149.5 151.7 1.5 .5 1.5 4.6 5.0 5.0
Excluding sales...................... 147.5 151.5 153.3 1.9 .9 1.2 5.6 4.6 3.9
Banking, savings and loan, and other
credit agencies(2).................... 159.2 163.3 165.0 3.0 .8 1.0 8.3 5.7 3.6
Insurance(2)........................... 140.2 146.6 150.7 .3 .8 2.8 1.1 4.9 7.5
Excluding sales...................... 140.9 144.1 145.7 .7 .6 1.1 3.1 3.0 3.4
Services................................. 144.5 149.1 150.6 .9 1.2 1.0 3.2 4.1 4.2
Business services(2)................... 148.5 154.1 155.3 1.5 1.4 .8 4.7 5.3 4.6
Health services........................ 140.6 145.3 146.6 .7 1.3 .9 2.3 4.1 4.3
Hospitals............................ 139.3 143.3 144.9 .7 1.1 1.1 2.6 3.6 4.0
Nursing homes........................ - - - .9 1.5 1.7 3.8 4.9 5.7
Educational services................... 147.5 149.6 153.4 2.3 .5 2.5 3.3 3.7 4.0
Colleges and universities............ 147.2 149.4 152.5 1.9 .3 2.1 3.1 3.5 3.6
Industry-Continued
Nonmanufacturing industries................ 141.0 145.5 146.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 3.3 4.2 4.2
White collar............................. 143.5 148.2 149.6 1.1 1.2 .9 3.3 4.4 4.3
Excluding sales........................ 144.6 149.1 150.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 3.4 4.1 4.2
Blue collar.............................. 135.1 138.9 140.3 .8 1.1 1.0 3.5 3.7 3.8
Service.................................. 137.9 142.4 143.4 .1 1.1 .7 2.8 3.4 4.0
Occupational group
White collar............................... 143.5 148.3 149.7 1.0 1.2 .9 3.2 4.4 4.3
Excluding sales........................ 143.9 148.5 149.9 1.0 1.2 .9 3.5 4.2 4.2
Professional specialty and technical..... 142.6 147.3 148.6 .6 1.5 .9 2.8 3.9 4.2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 146.4 150.7 152.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 3.9 4.4 4.0
Sales(2)................................. 142.1 147.9 149.0 1.1 .8 .7 2.4 5.3 4.9
Administrative support, including
clerical................................ 142.7 147.5 149.1 .9 1.0 1.1 3.5 4.3 4.5
Blue collar................................ 136.8 140.5 141.9 .9 1.0 1.0 3.3 3.6 3.7
Precision production, craft, and repair.. 136.7 140.6 142.0 .8 1.2 1.0 3.3 3.7 3.9
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors.............................. 138.3 141.6 142.9 1.2 .6 .9 3.4 3.6 3.3
Transportation and material moving....... 131.9 135.2 136.5 .7 .8 1.0 3.4 3.2 3.5
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers............................ 139.4 143.6 145.0 .8 1.3 1.0 3.2 3.8 4.0
Service.................................... 138.0 142.5 143.5 .1 1.1 .7 2.7 3.4 4.0
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations(4)............................ 139.3 143.7 145.0 .8 1.1 .9 3.0 4.0 4.1
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Average standard errors (SE) for the series exceed 0.3 percent for 3-month changes and 0.6 percent for 12-month
changes for the five years ending December 1996. To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of the series, SEs
for estimates in this news release (excluding seasonally adjusted series) will be available on the Internet site
(http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm). All series will continue to be published until further notice.
3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and service industries.
4 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly Earnings Index, which was discontinued
in January 1989.
NOTE: Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries for private industry workers by bargaining status, region, and
area
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Bargaining status, region, and area 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Bargaining status
Union........................................ 135.7 138.5 140.0 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.5 2.8 3.2
Blue-collar occupations.................. 133.6 136.5 138.2 .8 1.0 1.2 2.8 3.0 3.4
Goods-producing industries(1).............. 134.9 138.4 140.2 .8 .9 1.3 3.0 3.4 3.9
Service-producing industries(2)............ 136.8 138.9 140.1 .7 .9 .9 2.0 2.3 2.4
Manufacturing.............................. 135.8 139.7 141.4 .8 .6 1.2 2.7 3.7 4.1
Blue-collar occupations.................. 135.1 138.7 140.4 .7 .7 1.2 2.8 3.4 3.9
Nonmanufacturing........................... 135.6 137.8 139.2 .7 1.0 1.0 2.4 2.4 2.7
Nonunion..................................... 142.0 146.7 148.1 .9 1.1 1.0 3.3 4.3 4.3
Blue-collar occupations.................. 138.7 142.9 144.1 .9 1.1 .8 3.5 3.9 3.9
Goods-producing industries(1).............. 140.0 144.7 145.8 .9 1.3 .8 3.2 4.3 4.1
Service-producing industries(2)............ 142.6 147.3 148.7 .9 1.0 1.0 3.4 4.2 4.3
Manufacturing.............................. 141.7 146.1 147.2 .9 1.2 .8 3.2 4.0 3.9
Blue-collar occupations.................. 140.5 144.2 145.4 .9 1.0 .8 3.2 3.6 3.5
Nonmanufacturing........................... 141.8 146.6 148.0 .9 1.1 1.0 3.4 4.3 4.4
Region(3)
Northeast.................................... 139.9 143.7 145.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 3.3 4.0 3.9
South........................................ 140.2 144.6 145.3 .6 1.1 .5 2.7 3.7 3.6
Midwest...................................... 142.4 147.1 148.6 1.0 1.2 1.0 3.6 4.3 4.4
West......................................... 141.3 146.3 148.2 .8 1.1 1.3 3.4 4.4 4.9
Area
Metropolitan................................. 141.2 145.7 147.1 .9 1.1 1.0 3.1 4.1 4.2
Other........................................ 139.8 143.7 144.7 1.0 1.1 .7 3.8 3.8 3.5
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and service industries.
3 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series.
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for benefits for civilian, State and local government, and private industry workers
by industry, occupational group, and bargaining status
(Not seasonally adjusted data)
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for-
Industry, occupational group, and 3 months ended- 12 months ended-
bargaining status Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000
Sep. Jun. Sep. Sep. Jun. Sep.
1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000
Civilian workers............................. 147.9 154.3 155.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 2.7 5.3 5.3
State and local government.................. 145.0 148.5 149.0 .7 .2 .3 2.0 3.1 2.8
Private industry............................ 148.6 155.7 157.5 .9 1.2 1.2 2.8 5.7 6.0
Industry
Goods producing(1)........................ 146.3 154.2 155.7 .8 1.2 1.0 2.3 6.2 6.4
Service producing(2)...................... 149.4 156.0 157.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 3.1 5.5 5.7
Manufacturing............................. 145.7 153.9 154.9 .8 1.1 .6 2.2 6.5 6.3
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)....... 145.6 166.6 168.7 .9 2.9 1.3 1.3 15.5 15.9
White collar(3)....................... 142.9 163.6 165.4 .1 4.3 1.1 -1.8 14.6 15.7
Blue collar........................... 149.5 170.5 173.3 2.2 .8 1.6 6.3 16.5 15.9
Nonmanufacturing.......................... 149.4 156.1 158.1 .9 1.4 1.3 3.0 5.5 5.8
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